Thursday, October 31, 2019

Advanced Project Management unit 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Advanced Project Management unit 1 - Essay Example According to British Standards, projects are a unique set of coordinated activities, with definite starting and finishing points, undertaken by an individual or organisation to meet specific performance objectives within defined schedule, cost and performance parameters (Maylor, 2010). Project management can be defined as â€Å"leading a team to achieve project success through team spirit and skills development, in a constrained environment, leading to value creation through appropriate use of tools and techniques†. This definition has been based on several requirements and parameters in achieving project success. Team spirit suggests that the success of the project depends upon the people involved in it. The team members must have certain abilities such as soft skills. They must have the ability to work in teams, be full of enthusiasm and possess good communication skills (McConachy & Caine, 2003). This indicates that organizational culture should be supportive of projects without which it can result in project failure. Other significant elements in the success of projects are interpersonal relationship, management commitment and results-orientation. Skill development is an essential part of any project. Project teams comprise of a unique group of individuals who come together to work in a controlled environment towards a common goal (Atkins and Gilbert, 2003). If the members are brought together at the earliest possible stage, they could be flexible and adaptable, thereby enabling timely decisions, with quicker response to market and technology. The members’ strengths, contributions and interests have to be given due recognition. They must also be encouraged to develop further skills. If top performers are included in the project team, performance will meet or exceed expectations (Hacker, 2000). All projects operate in a

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Terrorism Threats the World Essay Example for Free

Terrorism Threats the World Essay The end of the Cold War and the fall of the Soviet Union did not bring the peace for the world. Many global issues still affect directly our security, like ethnic conflicts, pollution, weapons propagation, overpopulation, and terrorism. Nowadays, terrorism is considered as a most dangerous issue which is treating the humanity. Politically, terrorism is defined as motivated violence and illegitimate use of fighting against civilians by groups of people for political, nationalist, and religious goals[1]. Terrorism becomes globally phenomenal because there are many sides involved in this issue. This paper will discuss two ways that make terrorism a global issue which are terrorism’s networks and psychological impacts of terrorism. Also, this paper will be examined on real life examples and takes Al-Qaeda as and example of a famous terrorism organization. Brief description of Al-Qaeda and the War Against Terror History of establishing Al-Qaeda Al-Qaeda is an Arabic word which means the base or the foundation. Al-Qaeda is an armed Sunni Islamist organization. This organization has hundreds to thousands of members; extremist groups Egyptian Islamic Jihad and parts of al-Gamaat al-Islamiyya, the Islamic movement of Uzbekistan and the Harakat ul-Mujahidin also fall under the umbrella of Al-Qaeda. Historically, Al-Qaeda was starting with the group of Arab Mujahideen (fighters) in 1979 during the war between Russia and Afghanistan. Those groups went to Afghanistan to help the Muslims people, who are like them, from Russia occupation. Then, those groups expanding their fighting to different places, such as Bosnia and Sudan. Since 1989 after the withdrawal of Soviet forces, Osama bin Laden recognized as the group’s leader. In 1998, Bin Laden, Al Zawahiri, and other Islamist leaders issued a fatwa (religious decree) of the World Islamic Front for Jihad Against the Jews and Crusaders and Muslims who do not pay attention to th is call are confirmed apostates[2]. Al-Qaeda’s Goals and Ideologies The goals of Al-Qaeda are to obliterate Israel, expel Westerns, especially Americans, from Islamic lands, and fall pro-Western despotism around the Middle East. Al-Qaeda wants to destroy America as a specific because America supports Israel against Palestine. That unfair and unjustified attitudes of America, which is considered as most powerful country, create the hatred feeling in Al-Qaeda group. Moreover, Osama bin Laden said that he hopes to reestablish Islamic nation connecting to the rule of the first Caliphas[3]. That means not only US is in dangerous, but the treat seems to loom larger. For example, the triple bombings on May12, 2003 in Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia, incurred apartment complexes housing Westerners. This act related to Al-Qaeda and it left 23 people dead, including nine Americans, and that illustrates Al-Qaeda’s strategies and goals[4]. Starting the War Against Terror The war against terror started after Al-Qaeda’s attack on September 11,2001 in United States . The attacks become the most shocking in American history because it caused a very huge costs. The costs are 3,000 people killed, the devastation of four commercial airliners, the disintegration of both World Trade Center Towers, and damaging of the Pentagon. In response, the United States launched different types of forces against terrorism. On the other hand, Al-Qaeda is not centralized in a specific place which makes them easily to be destroyed, but they have independent cells in more than 50 countries, including Pakistan, Sudan, Yemen, KSA, and USA. According to this fact, President Bush said that the war against terror is a different kind of war, fought on many fronts in many places[5]. Al-Qaeda’s Networks Al-Qaeda is like any other organizations which need financial support to achieve the aims. This organization should work in different fields, mostly illegal fields, to get money and carry their plans. Moreover, Al-Qaeda must have communication networks to communicate between their collaborative cells which are existing multi states. These two important networks, finance and communication, expend Al-Qaeda’s effects globally[6]. Al-Qaeda’s Financial Networks Al-Qaeda, like all other terrorist organization, needs strong financial support, so Al-Qaeda does not have only one source of money, but it has many sources. According to US 911 Commission Report, Al-Qaeda requires 30,000 USD/year to conduct its operation[7]. Financial resources for Al-Qaeda can increase in both legal and illegal ways. Al-Qaeda receives money from charities, profitable front-organizations with similar believes and ideologies, and by laundering money from legitimate Muslim organizations. Also, these money can be provided from the members of Qaeda. For example, Osama bin Laden invested millions in terrorism and this is from his billionaires family in Saudi Arabia. His father was a wealthy contractor who renovated the Muslim holy cities of Mecca and Medina. Some estimates place the terrorists worth around $300 million, however, the United States has frozen a large portion of his money. Another way that Al-Qaeda relies to have money is on organized crime, such as robbery , drug trafficking, and kidnapping. These crimes may incurrence many people in different states in dangerous[8]. Al-Qaeda’s communicated Networks If Al-Qaeda was in 40 years ago, it would face some difficulties in communicated between its different cells which are in different regions in the world. Today, communication technologies have dramatically changed. Websites, e-mails, satellite telephones, mobile phones, and fax transmissions have provided facilities for Al-Qaeda to contemplate a global strategy. In addition, new communication technologies are not used only in communication, but it use in other things. By using internet, Al-Qaeda members have migrated online to escape detection in an atmosphere of increased international precaution. Moreover, the organiztion’s use of the internet is incresing in recruitment, financing, and publicity. Al-Qaeda has especial websites for this purposes[9]. For example, Abu Musab al-Zarqawi’s, Al-Qaeda movement in Iraq regularly, liberates videos in the wedsites apotheosizing the activity of jihadist suicide bombers[10]. Psychological Impacts of Al-Qaeda The attacks of Al-Qaeda are carried out in such a way extend psychological impacts and fear. More than other forms of violence, Al-Qaeda agitates insecurity and deep fear in civilians feeling because terrorists smash randomly without warning innocent civilians. By creating fear, Al-Qaeda wants to show for the civilians the weakness of their governments, which Al-Qaeda thinks that those governments are bad, and how they can not protect their civilians[11]. Also, Al-Qaeda trys to attack national symbols to quake the foundation of the state or to show its power. Al-Qaeda uses this method when Al-Qaeda attacked the World Trade Center that symmbolizes as Al-Qaeda economic threaten. Globally, all people around the world, Muslimes’ world or Westren world, live in a fear because they await that Al-Qaeda may plan to attack their state because they are westren people or they are in westernization[12]. Conclusion This research paper showed how terrorism is a global issue and gave example of terrorism organization from the life which is Al-Qaeda. Then, it explained Al-Qaeda’s networks and its impacts in civilians’ feelings. Al-Qaeda’s goals do not concentrate in one point in the world, their goals extent to take the whole world. The main goals for Al-Qaeda is to rebulid an Islamic nation and destroy westernization which is in Muslimes countries. Therefore, Al-Qaeda also attacks Arab and Muslimes countries not only Western countries, but the qustion is why did not Al-Qaeda attack United Arab Emirates, espeacially Dubai, which consided as a westernization country more than the others?! That questions may fetch to another question which is, is realy that Al-Qaeda’s goals is to destroy the westernization from Muslimes’ states or Al-Qaeda has other goals?!

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Grant Wood And American Gothic Film Analysis

Grant Wood And American Gothic Film Analysis Grant Wood is easily one of Americas most famous artists due to his iconic 1930 work American Gothic. Even today, while some people may not always remember Grant Woods name or even the title of the image, they most certainly always recognize American Gothic when they see it. This one painting is known worldwide as kind of an iconic show of American character, all represented by a farmer and his daughter in front of their carpenter gothic styled home. The painting itself may at first glance appear to have only the simple meaning of representing the small town folk of Iowa, but looking closer the meaning could be something deeper. Grant Wood was born on February 13, 1991 in Anamosa, Iowa. After his fathers death in 1901, Grant and his family moved to Cedar Rapids where he took art lessons from local artists while he was in high school. He would then later teach school near Cedar Rapids while working a job at a silversmith shop in Chicago. Grant also served in World War I. He would make clay models of their field guns and also helped camouflage artillery pieces. After the war he would come back to Europe in 1923 where he spent 14 months in Paris studying art. During his stay in Europe his paintings had an impressionistic style to them. When he came home to America, his paintings began to sell and he was able to quit teaching and focus on his art. Its sometime during this time that Grant began promoting regionalism in his art. Regionalism is a realist modern American art movement wherein artists shunned the city and rapidly developing technological advances to focus on scenes of rural life. His work began to har k back onto his early life on the farm before his father died. Grants paintings began featuring farmlands, townscapes, and people around where he lived. Then, while driving to Eldon, Iowa, Grant came upon a white frame home that inspired his famous painting American Gothic. Grant had his sister and their local dentist pose in front of the house, and painted them with a very detailed style during which a time most artists in America were painting in abstraction. The painting itself only took about three months for Grant to paint and it was an immediate success. American Gothic was the painting that got Grant Wood recognized as a respectable artist, because he was all but ignored before this work. None of Grants other works were ever as successful. He soon then entered the painting into the Art Institute of Chicago for a competition, and the painting was awarded the Norman Wait Harris bronze medal and then purchased by the institute for $300. This was Grants first major art sell and his first prize for any work he had done, and in 1931 American Gothic was exhibited in London and was met with equal success. The painting was soon being reproduced in newspapers, but received backlash when it was printed in the Cedar Rapids Gazette. Iowans who were reading the paper were outraged that they were being depicted as pinched, grim-faced, puritanical Bible-thumpers There was a large amount of negative response from many women in Iowa who were angry about the way Grant depicted the farmers daughter. These women considered the depiction mean and unflatt ering. Grant defended himself, saying that his intention was never to poke fun at anyone, and that the image is really just his own personal depiction of Americans. People who had positive reactions towards American Gothic assumed the painting was more of a satire of the simple life people lived in small rural towns, which was once not thought worthy of high art. American Gothic did make Grant a recognizable artist, but with recognition came harsh criticism. He was accused of creating mass appeal art, and that its viewers could easily understand the content of the paintings. Grant Woods workà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦contributes nothing scientically, emotionally, or esthetically to art or society. It is the culmination of a trend of escapist and isolationist thought which was popular with some groups of yesterday, but which is definitely obsolete today. Its true, his rise of popularity was fast, but after his death in 1942 his fall of popularity was just as equally quick. During the 50s people felt like Woods art was too populist, and that it was always popular among the simple people. What exactly is American Gothic really trying to say? Grant painted the image in 1930, the same year as the start of the Great Depression. Its because the work was created at such dark times in American history that people relate it to the population in the 1930s. In a country mired in economic depression, Woods stoic couple embodied the bedrock values of the nation and the resolve needed to survive the crisis. People could relate to the image, the man standing firmly with his pitchfork, defending his home. Something many people were doing during the 1930s, just trying to defend and keep what is theres. However after a couple of years American Gothics success had dropped and was out of the public eye for about a decade. The image was still a symbol of strength for Americans during crisis during that time. In 1957, for the production Music Man, Meredith Wilson had his actors pose in the same way as Grants figures in American Gothic. Soon after that a cartoonist, Charles Addams, featur ed the figures of American Gothic in one of his New Yorker cartoons. By this time the image became somewhat of a universal image of just plain folk of America. When the civil rights began, the image then took another turn for interpretation. Now, its no longer just or plain folk, the people of the image became symbols for something more. To some people they had become symbols of right-wing and even racist America. The meaning behind the painting seems to always change for different generations depending on the situations the generations are facing, because people always tend to relate works of art to their current situations. Even though the meaning does change, American Gothic is still one of Americas most well known, as well as most parodied, work of art. Honestly the image itself could be interpreted in many different directions because Grant himself took on many different contemporary social issues that are still being debated today. The very title suggests Americas long-standing ambivalent relationship with Europe. The Iowa subject matter pushes to the surface the tension and the mutual lock of understanding that exists between urban and rural America during the Great Depression and that persists today. The image also raises the specter of political partisanship and variant social values. Today American Gothic doesnt necessarily speak of the Midwest, or even of Iowa, and its most likely that people of today dont even realize where the painting is set. But when people look at American Gothic, some just cannot help but smile. This could be why the image is parodied and referenced in so many various ways. American Gothic is indeed one of the most popular pieces of art to ever be parodied so many times. The parodies of the image have all kinds of different purposes. Some might address a specific opinion or viewpoint, and others are just made for nothing more than comedy effect and fun. The first American Gothic parody was most likely the production Music Man, when the characters pose exactly like the man and his daughter in front of their home. The painting made its way onto a General Country Corn Flakes cereal box in the early 60s. The image made its way into an episode of The Dick Van Dyke Show, where an actual parody of the picture is a part of the episodes plot. The producers used American Gothic because they needed a painting that would be instantly recognizable to an American sitcom audience. It was also used in a promotion add for the Beverly Hillbillies for the cover of the Saturday Evening Post, that featured the characters of the show in the same iconic poses as the painting. Many of the decades parodies represented a joking type of attitude toward convections, traditions, authorities, and icons. Some even ridiculed the images and written works they parodied. American Gothic seemed to be more used as a weapon than as a target in its parodies. Almost all of American Gothic parodies-from presidents and first ladies to Mickey and Minnie Mouseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦operate with the same basic conceit. They manipulate the details of the original, usually the faces, often the clothingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦either to signify the difference between the then of the painting and the now of the parody or to collapse those difference. When it comes to parodies, it really goes back to how people were and still are interpreting the meaning behind American Gothic. The painting is an icon of the American People, and many people have their own interpretations, but the real meaning may always remain unanswered. Grant Wood was an artist who connected with the simple folk of Midwest America in his lifetime through his regionalistic styled art. His image American Gothic is most known for being a symbolic work for the 1930s for being a portrayal of the American pioneer spirit. The image remains a popular iconic image, keeping people interested in its deeper meaning with people creating parodies by relating the work to current events.

Friday, October 25, 2019

Society and Government Essay -- Philosophy, Hobbes, Locke

Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan and John Locke’s Two Treatises of Government have produced two definitive and vastly different theories of government. Though both philosophers seem to be embedded in the concept of a natural law, why do Hobbes and Locke seem to come to two opposing conclusions about society and government? The answer lies in critical distinctions between their interpretations on the state of nature, including their conjectures on human nature, their perceptions of freedom and equality, and their ultimate reasoning for civil society. Human nature is an integral part of the state of nature theory. Hobbes’ theorizes that human nature is flawed, with men being naturally selfish and hedonistic: â€Å"of the voluntary acts of every man, the object is some Good to himselfe† (Hobbes, 1996, p. 93). This suggests that in a natural state, humans are only guided by their own needs and wants. As a result, Hobbes believes that the only law that governs the state of nature is maintenance of self-preservation. This gives rise to a clashing of desires, which compels man to undermine any concern for others and put oneself above all else. The extent to which man is able to undermine others for the sake of self-benefit is also limitless according to Hobbes: â€Å"in this law of Nature for where no covenant hath preceded, there hath nor Right been transferred and every man had right to everything; and consequently, no action can be Unjust† (Hobbes, 1996, p. 100). There is a clear Hobbesian view of morality that begins to take form. Good and evil seem to be relative to Hobbes. Because of this, each individual in the state of nature has varying perceptions of morality, which often conflict, creating disagreement that only incites violence. This pr... ...have consent in order to act. This essentially gives sovereign power to the people. This philosophy is also consistent with Locke’s favor for a republican structure of government. The apparent difference seen between the political theories of Hobbes and Locke can be attributed to their differing views on the state of nature. The development of mankind as a selfish being living in a state of war and violently attempting to obtain equality naturally lead Hobbes to conclude that an authoritative power is needed to instill order to chaos. On the other side of the spectrum, Lock molds the state of nature to be a state of peace, and attributing men to Reasonable creatures and consequently creates a representative government where the people hold sovereign power. Essentially, these theories seem are a result of a pessimistic and optimistic framing of nature and humanity.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Ernest Hemingway Essay

Ernest Hemingway is one of the writers that define American Literature. Although he accomplished much in reputation and status due to his novel, his most celebrated works have always been his short stories. His short stories, which are known for their simple language and artful prose, are often seen as a reflection of his life. It can indeed be seen through several of the plots he penned that he was drawing out his own life experiences such as his portrayal of himself as a macho man, his relationship with the women in his life, war and death and of course alcohol. Noting this Martin Scofield rightly states, â€Å"the personal experience on which he frequently drew directly in his writing was full of confusing tension and conflict – between masculine and feminine elements in his personality, between admiration for the physical courage and a growing disillusion with violence, and between the optimism of youth and physical energy, and the inevitable depredation of old age and death. In his short stories we see vividly developed snapshots of turmoil, precise delineations of individual fragments of disparate experience.† (Scofield 139). The kind of heroes that the author went to write about in his book were a direct reflection of the kind of man he wanted to be. The male protagonist has an aura of dignity and an unwavering integrity about them. Compromise is not known to these characters in most instances. In fact both male and female characters that were created by Hemingway are more often than not, defiant of the society that they exist in and continually go against the societal norms and expectations. Hemingway was by nature a macho man. His life has shown us his indulgences in great adventures. The time he spent in wars, hunting and sport is reflected in several of his works. The kind of heroes Hemingway wrote about will probably not suffice today; torn soldiers, and death defying hunters, adventurers and bullfighters made up his works, but that these characters exhibited a personal code of honesty and decency. Harvey Claflin Mansfield rightly categorized the author’s personality in his book ‘Maniliness’, â€Å"Hemingway was a macho fellow and a seeker of adventure when coupled with fun†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Mansfield 52). An example of this can be taken from his short story ‘Indian Camp,’ where the physician is neither concerned with his lack of anesthetic and equipment nor the screaming patient. In true alpha male mode, he goes onto deliver a child with a jack-knife.   His complete lack of interest in the women’s pain, which normally affects people, and the way he goes onto admire his work as though it was a non-living thing gives off a very sadistic and stereotypical macho essence. At the same time we can compare the physician’s character to the American Indian man who slit his throat and died during his wife’s giving birth. That man did not have the courage and strength to face the ordeal that his wife was going through, unlike the physician who seemed to think nothing of it. And like that Hemingway continuously writes about men that could stand up to things and endure things. The strength which he at times referred to ‘grace under pressure’ was reflective of the kind of man that does not succumb to his problems. His story of the bull fighter can also be seen as an example of this very thing, where the protagonist ignores injuries to enter battle. Explaining the development of the characters through the developments in Hemingway’s life, John Campbell noted, â€Å"In the 1920s, Hemingway began to develop a public role for himself in an attempt to show people how a writer acts when not writing. He became comfortable with this role and wrote essays for Esquire Magazine that reflected a person, outdoorsman image of a very physical man; he made a safari to Africa in the 1930s, killed big game, and so on. His male characters began to resemble this image and became more â€Å"Active† in the 1930s and 1940s. Readers often associate this macho image with Hemingway, but it is difficult to generalize about men in his work, since the early male characters are vulnerable and the later ones – more independent – have a sense of â€Å"toughness† strength and masculinity.†Ã‚   (Campbell 251) Hemingway wrote extensively throughout his career. One of the main recurring themes that can be seen in his short stories is that of war and death. He participated in the First World War as an ambulance driver under the Red Cross. It was during his term in Italy that he had his first love affair and was also injured. As a part of the Italian infantry he was awarded two decorations by the Italian government as well. It was his time here that he witnessed first hand the ruthlessness and stoic attitude of soldiers around him. Much of his observations later became part of his works. His time as a war correspondent in span also influenced his work. The events of the civil war that took place in Spain greatly affected him. â€Å"The Spanish civil war stories have two characteristics in common. The first-person narrator in all of them is obviously Hemingway himself, correspond dent, film-maker, raconteur, and famous personage. The second characteristic is that the real subject of all these stories, as well as the play, is the political nature of the conflict. Philips Rawlings, the main character in the ‘Fifth Column’ is also substantially autobiographical and the ‘girl,’ Dorothy Bridges, is clearly based on Martha Gellhorn, as is the girl in the story ‘Landscapes with Figures† (Donaldson 236). The stories are his version of events and how he saw the war. Most of the material is based on first hand information and as he experienced it. His short stories poignantly portrayed soldiers that left behind and lived with legacies of combat. In ‘Soldier’s Home,’ Krebs is the disillusioned veteran that comes back to home to find himself without a spiritual home. He is out of place, alienated from his family, religion and society. Hemingway’s examination of the war torn characters can also bee seen through Nick Adams. Some critiques have linked the short stories to a potential autobiographical connection and their thematic treatment to the various stages the characters go through i.e. Nick’s stages of recovery from his physical and psychological war wounds which mirror the one’s Hemingway suffered himself. It is Hemingway who in the third-person story supports the fundamental idea of Nick’s physical and spiritual recovery and renewal. It can be taken in view that writing was a form of catharsis for the author and through writing about his ordeal he managed to work through his anxiety of war (to an extent). We can see through the stories, glimpses of Hemingway’s own pain and anguish. When he returned from war ridden areas he was deeply affected. The effects of his experiences were heavy influences on his work and gave them a new sense of life. Hemingway had extremely turbulent relationships with the women in his life. His love stories are ruled by conflict between men and women whose lives are always stuck in some momentum of great tension and problems, or an extremely vivid change. He was married to four different women and was infamous for his multiple affairs. If one was to look at Hemingway’s life, one would notice that he lacked the will to stick to one woman. At some point and time breaking things off and moving on stopped giving him the guilt it once did and women became just a habit for him. His relationships with women affected his work a great deal; Paul Reuban went onto prove this in his work when he wrote that, â€Å"His [Hemingway’s] writing also reflected his trouble with relating to women and his tendency to treat them as objects, as he had four marriages and countless affairs, highlighting his theme of alienation and disconnection [in his work].† It was his guilt over women that led him to the bottle and subsequently drenched him in depression. He could not move past his guilt quickly enough before he moved onto the next woman. In his entire life he repeatedly cheated on all the women he was   with; it was a vicious cycle of finding love, breaking love by finding someone else, getting depressed over his actions, finding someone else to get out of the depression. An example of the effect that his love life had on his work can be seen in ‘Hills like White Elephants,’ which was written after Hemingway had cheated on his wife Hadley with her own friend Pauline Pfeiffer. When Hemingway asked for a divorce, Hadley placed a condition of a separation between him and Pfeiffer for a certain period of time; if he remained in love even after that time he was to be granted the divorce. It was during this period that he wrote the story. The biggest similarity between his life and the short story is that in either a family member or loved one was being separated. The story which centers on a conversation between a man and a woman show that the man is the authority. The poor communication skills between the two also reflect that their relationship might end. Perhaps Hemingway himself saw this as Hadley and himself which poor communication was ending up in the death of something that connected them, in the case of the characters this would be the unborn child. When in Italy, Hemingway had a love affair while he was wounded in this duration. The effects of this can be seen in his works as well. In ‘A very short story,’ the injured solider who is found on the Italian front has a love affair with a nurse who tended to him. Just like Hemingway himself who fell in love with Agnes Von Kurowsky. As the story goes, the nurse later leaves the solider for an Italian officer. â€Å"‘A very short story’ ranks as one of Hemingway’s least effective stories. Behind a pretense of objectivity, it excoriates the faithless Agnes. Even four years after the jilting, he was too close to his subject matter to achieve the requisite artistic distance†¦ twice again he explored the subject of love between a wounded soldier and his nurse†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Beegal 105). Throughout his work it will be seen that he advocates the kind of courage in the world where men must survive without women, which goes against the work itself because it is based largely on this mother, sisters, wives, lovers etc. Hemingway’s works paved way for an entirely new genre of writing. He used plain simple language to give voice to his stories. Much of his work, when it comes to short stories, is greatly influenced by his life and it can be seen through the various example given herewith, how his life was a muse to him. His relationships with women and subsequently alcohol, his experiences at war and the death that he saw, and his ideas on masculinity and manhood were some of the basic ideas that he infused with his writings to form the basis of many of his stories. Hemingway may have been gifted but he very conflicts that he tried to work out through his writings, and the very tensions that he wrote about, subsequently became the reason he took his own life.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

How to Motivate Employees Essay

Introduction A â€Å"Dark Horse† company was founded in 1994, which is well known for manufacturing tires in Uzbekistan for local cars. The company produces low prized tires which is more affordable for citizens. However organization is facing high competitiveness in the local market, moreover, the problems concerned with the location of the company which is far from the city center, as a result, it has high turnover rate. â€Å"Dark Horse† company contains 50 employees, 5 of them works in Administration, 7 in Sales, other 38 employees work in Production. 1. Motivation plans The key factor of success in today’s business is employee’s performance  because, their working quality designates business improvement. However, making workers motivated is not easy for organization. Money does not only key, therefore, employees should have many senses that encourages working hard. Consequently, we planned many motivation theories in order to create those senses. 1.1 Achieving high job satisfaction Source: buzz.waspbarcode.com 1. Making high job satisfaction starts with suitable working hours. Setting convenient schedule shows that worker’s personal life is also important for employers. Consequently, it gives opportunity to make relationship between employer and workers better. 2. According to the famous companies, organizing rewards like â€Å"Initiator worker† once in a month is very effective. Because, individual recognition intensive tool to increase workers moral and motivation and their performance. 1.2 Reducing employee turn-around Source: halogensoftware.com 1. Interview with candidate should be carefully. Gather as much as information you can about job applicant. Skill testing is also effective to hire right people from the beginning. 2. Every employee should have exact development plan and should be trained at least annually. As a result, they think about their career and its progress. 3. Any organization cannot hold worker if they want to leave. So that, do exit interview where, you can know reasons and factors why they are going. Eventually, you can reduce employee turnover with basing on these information. 1.3 Improving high productivity Source: halogensoftware.com 1. If any company wants to achieve high productivity, they should start with task partition. Firstly, do not assign two tasks at the same time. Secondly, order every task to specialists. Consequently, you will realize that your business running in the right direction. 2. Statistics show that leading company’s key factor of success is collaboration among staff. Moreover, every workers skills and ability should be considered and headed off effectively. 3. In order to motivate employee that encourages to high productivity work places should be furnished with extra technologies and equipments. At the same time, workers should have knowledge and practice to work with them. Training staff constantly and informing about news increases worker’s performance and it is very important in today’s business. 1.4 Reaching high-quality work Source: halogensoftware.com 1. High-quality performance of company’s bottom line is fundamental of growing. There are some methods of improving this staff. First of all, competition among employees. Furthermore, every manager of organization should have skill to make healthy competition. 2. Second method is avoiding micromanaging. It might be seen unusual but it is really important in working environment. Because, every worker should have sense of confidence and must be given freedom. 3. Challenge your employees with new tasks. New duties might be absolutely different comparing with duty which they used to do. However, it would give them more practice, training and opportunity to develop their ability. 2. Methods of motivating all employees Most employers may find it hard to encourage employees to give of their best obligation at work. It is a fact that in many companies’ employers doesn’t understand the power of motivating employees and its importance. 2.1 Happy environment Based on â€Å"McGregor’s theory Y† assume that employees working under proper environment and like the work they do, will aim to take the responsibility  in order to satisfy their social, esteem, self-actualization needs. The atmosphere of the company should be positive and fun. Some organization’s employees usually celebrate birthdays, anniversaries and celebrate outstanding achievements, and other company’s employees organize different volleyball or football competitions. Encouraging activities that unit and improve teamwork. Moreover companies tend to make comfortable and enjoyable workplace for employees 2.2 Give a praise in public According to â€Å"Maslow’s theory of human motivation†, glorifying the employee’s goals in a public forum in different meetings. This will give a great boost for the certain person’s morale and may serve as a motivation to others. Moreover, recognition also can be a useful factor such as starting â€Å"employee of the month† program or just making compliment and simple things like thanking face-to-face, it will improve self-esteem of employees. 3. Three ways to motivate the minimum wage Motivating employees is essential for any company in order to develop. However, it is a common phenomenon and indisputable fact that many companies find it hard to stimulate minimum wage employees. According to â€Å"Maslow’s Theory† people, who get minimum salary, have trouble with basic and first needs for living such as food, clothes, water and moreover they are trying to protect themselves from physical and economic harm. At its simplest, this type of people belong to low-level need: Physiological and Security Needs. Below we will introduce 3 ways to motivate them. 3.1 Rewards It would certainly be a sobering thought to assert that some luxury items such as ticket to an entertainment events and movies, or perhaps a little money for perfect performance will keep them motivated. If money is restricted, pizza for lunch twice a week or ordering donuts on Fridays will give them something to look forward to. 3.2 Promotion Many minimum-wage workers have a lot of ambitions and plans but have trouble getting up the corporate ladder. Based on â€Å"Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory† helping to realize personal growth of potential employees, they will give the chance for further amelioration by providing extra training courses and proper education. It will stimulate minimum-wage workers to show their best in order to get a promotion. 3.3 Make Them Feel Special Minimum wage workers usually feel themselves undervalued and unimportant. Rod Walsh, co-author of â€Å"Semper Fi: Business Leadership the Marine Corps Way,† likens business to the military. Marine recruits are made to feel that they are part of an elite team from day one. Make your employees feel the similarly, emphasizing special sides of your business and always reminding them that not just anyone can be successful in this certain job. 4. Teamwork and individualism Nowadays, in organizational context teamwork and individual worker play important but different roles. From the McGraw-Hill’s â€Å"Business† book, it can easily be inferred that benefit of teamwork outweigh the individual one. 4.1 Working in a Team People working in a team more likely to have better communication with others Employees cooperate with each other, as a result, it increases the work efficiency Teamwork give a chance for sharing ideas among the group As person’s knowledge and ability are restricted it would be easy to deal problems in a team. Shortly, two heads are better than one Working in a group makes relationship better Group working allows employees to complete complex and large tasks which are  impossible for one individual. Furthermore, teamwork detects all minor problems which might be missed by person. 4.2 Benefits of Individualism One of the main advantage of individual worker is better concentration and focus on project. Working individually makes real to decide what to do and when It allows to make decisions by your own. Individual workers do not rely on others and only responsible people for work Individualism brings creativity and innovation to business. According to researches by Professor Barry Staw in the May 2006, organizations that promote an individualistic behavior are more successful in business. 5. Improving company’s growth and profit 5.1 Increasing productivity of company Connect employees virtually across the organization. Establish employee portals and different sites which can manage to connect teams and groups with each other, for the employees to do their work more effectively and efficiently within the company. Control productivity of the business and employee progress on goals. Online business software solutions enable managers to more easily track progress during every phase of goal completion and offer instant reinforcement or handler to keep productivity and deadlines on track. It will improve business productivity because the company is staffed with workers who are constantly learning new skills and being challenged to do their best. Moreover, employees who are motivated, happy and alerted will work harder. Motivating your staff members by awarding them for their successes, using material and non-material stimuli. 5.2 Increasing profitability of company Preparing Analytical Tools. Management should have an encounter or analyst to prepare analytical tools such as a common-size income statement. This income statement shows every expense as a percentage of sales, allowing management  to isolate costs that could contribute to decreasing profits. The company can perform this analysis for, preferably, three years of historical data. An analyst compares the three years to each other by reading across horizontally. Expenses as a percent of revenue are compared for each year to reveal trends that show expenses raising or lowering as a percent of sales over time. Some costs, such as the cost of goods sold, will naturally rise with sales increases because they represent the raw goods used to make products to sell. Building rent, administrative costs and some utility bills should remain the same, regardless of increases in sales. Conclusion All things considered above, it can be concluded that organizations should survive in today’s competitive environment. Moreover, they should think about how to improve productivity and increase profit of the company. Motivation is the main aspect in achieving this development. If all suggestions, which were illustrated, are implemented, the company has the chance for further amelioration and improvement. References 1. Australian School of Business (September 21, 2010) Productivity: How to Make Companies Work Smarter. Available at: http://knowledge.asb.unsw.edu.au/article.cfm?articleid=1218#top [Accessed 1st March, 2014] 2. Bob Whipple (2012) 10 Keys for Reducing Turnover. Available at: http://www.leadergrow.com/articles/27-10-keys-for-reducing-turnover [Accessed 27th February, 2014] 3. C. H. Tan, D. Torrington. (2014) Human Resource Management in Asia. 3rd ed. Pearson. pp-139-145 4. Chris Lake (September 10, 2013) 25 ways to boost employee satisfaction levels and staff retention. Available at: https://econsultancy.com/blog/63380-25-ways-to-boost-employee-satisfaction-levels-and-staff-retention [Accessed 3rd March, 2014] 5. D. Torrington, L. Hall, S. Taylor, C. Atkinson, (2011) Human Resource Management. 8th ed. Pearson. pp-335-341 6. Dunya Carter (January 18, 2013) 10 Easy Ways to Increase Your Job Satisfaction. Available at: